THE PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF LONELINESS: THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND UARIZONA STUDENTS

Abstract

This project was designed to explore the physiological effects of loneliness associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. In light of the vast changes society has undergone as a result of the pandemic, we analyzed how long-term social distancing impacted feelings of loneliness, stress, anxiety and depression. In the first part of this project, a literature review focused on how loneliness and isolation affect the physiological functionality of the body. It was discussed how loneliness, stress, anxiety and depression can lead to sympathetic nervous system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis overdrive which can have effects on sleep, cellular repair, reactive oxygen species production and inflammation. It was also brought to light how alternative methods for combating these feelings and issues like meditation, deep breathing and exercise can counter interact such issues. In the second part, a survey was sent to students at the University of Arizona regarding their social distancing practices, feelings of loneliness, stress, anxiety and depression. The results of the survey showed that, when compared to prior to the pandemic, students had a higher prevalence of feelings of loneliness, stress, anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic and that a higher portion of them engaged in mindfulness practices during the pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic years.