The Use of FDA Approved Pet and Human Insulins in Cats and Dogs: A Cost-Minimization Analysis

Abstract

Specific Aims: The primary aim of this study compared costs of insulins approved for human use to those approved for cats and/or dogs. The secondary aims compared costs of products used for insulin administration and the costs of each item among the selected pharmacies. Subjects: Insulins and equipment recommended in the 2018 American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA) diabetes management guidelines for dogs and cats. Pharmacies that were compared included online veterinary pharmacies (P), chain pharmacies (C), and a local independent pharmacy and veterinary clinic’s online store (L). Methods: Data collection included collecting costs over the phone, in-person, or online of available human and pet insulins, administration supplies (syringes, needles, etc.), and miscellaneous items. Main Results: The costs were gathered from eleven pharmacies including: four pet only, five chains, and two local (product availability mean[SD] = 61.25%[38.97], 65.63%[28.69], 65.63%[30.10], respectively). Long-acting pet insulin and protamine zinc recombinant (PZI) had a cost per unit less than those approved for human use (p = 0.009); there was no statistical significance when comparing the costs of intermediate- acting insulins (p = 0.745). The cost of additional supplies was not analyzed due to inconsistent availability. Each insulin was equivalent in cost per unit among pharmacies except for the human insulins used for cats (p = 0.012). Conclusions: Long-acting insulin for pets is less expensive than those approved for human use, while intermediate-acting insulin costs are comparable. Individual pharmacy pricing for products is equivalent, except for human products used to treat cats.