Understanding Cancer Biology Through Window Chamber Models and Optical Coherence Elastography

Abstract

Cancer is a disease that has enveloped scientific research for decades. The lack of early detection methods often make it hard to detect cancer before it reaches later stages, where it is even more difficult to cure. Understanding cancer biology is key in order to make these scientific advancements. Carcinogenesis takes place in 4 stages, with cells constantly multiplying, lacking density dependent inhibition. This also leads to an increased hardening of tumors, a trait we can use to our advantage when detecting cancer. A domed window chamber was created to observe the microenvironment of tumors. It can be used on multiple imaging modalities, including Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy, where a 3D imaging window is required. The chamber was fabricated successfully and quality images were taken. Additionally, it is possible to use Optical Coherence Elastography (OCE) to detect the stiffness of a region of interest. OCE is largely based on the principle of optical palpation, which involves the use of mechanical tissue phantoms. While these phantoms, while still being characterized, can eventually be used to solve for the elastic modulus of a sample tissue, something very useful when trying to determine if there is cancer in the area.