The source of terrain slope data is an important consideration for natural resource management: A comparison of field measured and DEM calculated slope values

Abstract

Slope is a critical factor in understanding many ecological patterns. Although a field-based clinometer remains a useful slope evaluation tool, the ease of access and ability to accommodate variable spatial scales associated with digital elevation models (DEMs) makes them a commonly used data source for slope evaluation. However, DEM and field-based clinometer measures of slope do not characterize topography equally. Natural resource managers must consider the compatibility of their data before incorporating slope values from different sources for ecological analyses. Ground truthing of remotely sensed data (i.e., DEMs) is important to ensure the data adequately represent the desired field conditions.