CO Mapping of Cygnus-X—Volume Density Distribution

Abstract

We present CO(2-1) and 13CO(2-1) maps of the Cygnus-X molecular cloud complex using the 10 m Heinrich Hertz Submillimeter Telescope. The maps cover the southern portion of the complex, which is strongly impacted by the feedback from the Cygnus OB2 association. Combining CO(1-0) and 13CO(1-0) maps from the Nobeyama 45 m Cygnus-X CO Survey, we carry out a multitransition molecular line analysis with RADEX and derive the volume density of velocity-coherent gas components. We select those components with a column density in the power-law tail part of the column density probability distribution function (N-PDF) and assemble their volume density into a volume density PDF (ρ-PDF). The ρ-PDF exhibits a power-law shape in the range of 104.5 cm−3 ≲ n H 2 ≲ 105.5 cm−3 with a fitted slope of α = −1.12 ± 0.05. The slope is shallower than what is predicted by simulations of rotationally supported structures or those undergoing gravitational collapse. Applying the same analysis to synthetic observations with feedback may help identify the cause of the shallow slope. The ρ-PDF provides another useful benchmark for testing models of molecular cloud formation and evolution. © 2023. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.