MYELIN OLIGODENDROCYTE ANTIBODY ASSOCIATED DISEASE (MOGAD): A REVIEW OF MECHANISMS, CLINICAL FEATURES, PATHOLOGY, AND NEW DEVELOPMENTS

Abstract

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) was defined as a neuroimmune disorder of the central nervous system in 2007. In recent years, clinicians and researchers have been working to identify the mechanisms behind the MOGAD spectrum, with the goal of improving MOGAD treatment in both pediatric and adult patients. This paper, compiled from a review of over 285 recent research publications, provides an update to various aspects involved in MOGAD pathogenesis, as well as an overview of relevant clinical features, treatments, potential biomarkers, and areas of contention such as infection triggers. Together, this work intends to capture the current state of our understanding of MOGAD mechanisms and pathology, which will assist researchers and clinicians making future discoveries and evaluating clinical next steps. New discoveries are highlighted, while current challenges and future directions for studies are suggested.