5G NR has rapidly introduced the non-terrestrial capability to enable a mobile to base station radio connection that can be supported by a LEO or even GEO satellites, under the Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) specifications. NTN changes radically what was possible up to now in 5G and opens up more use cases for 5G in broadband Aeronautical Mobile Telemetry. Here, we present the key physical, MAC and higher layer enhancements to the terrestrial 5G needed to enable communication with far and fast-moving satellites, along with the limitations and assumptions present in the current NTN definitions, and remaining challenges for introducing 5G NTN to AMT. We discuss the system level aspects and the architectural flexibility of an NTN constellation. Finally, a description of the commercial industry push for Direct-to-Mobile (D2M) service is given and its difference from NTN, the evolution path, and a comparison with the alternative proprietary LEO constellations being currently deployed.

NARO Space Center has established telemetry ground stations comply with the Inter-Range Instrumentation Group (IRIG) 106 standard [1] for the Korea Space Launch Vehicle-II (KSLV-II, Nuri). Among these, the Safran Radio Signal Recorder (RSR) is employed to record the data associated with the launch mission. The RSR is capable of recording and replaying a multitude of input sources, including IF (intermediate frequency), AGC (automatic gain control), PCM, and IRIG-B. All data is recorded in the Chapter 10 (.ch10) format in accordance with the IRIG standard. For subsequent analysis, the recorded files can be playback in the RSR. However, it is also possible to decode the Chapter 10 files for research purposes, such as the analysis of RF channel characteristics and PCM raw data. In this paper, we used IRIG open software and MATLAB to decode the telemetry data in the Chapter 10 file and present the results.

A Data Quality Encapsulation (DQE) protocol for improving telemetry link quality has been standardized in IRIG 106. A receiver periodically inserts a Data Quality Metric (DQM) in the recovered data so that downstream equipment, such as a Best Source Selector (BSS) or Antenna Control Unit (ACU), can improve overall link quality. A comprehensive set of test procedures has been published in RCC 118-22 V2 R2 to quantify DQM performance over channel conditions typically encountered in aeronautical telemetry environments. This paper examines each test and presents measured results comparing the block DQM Bit Error Probability (BEP) estimate versus the actual measured Bit Error Rate (BER) from a receiver under test. The objective is to verify that the current test procedures and associated support equipment are sufficient for accurate and efficient receiver DQE testing. This is a crucial step towards realizing the tremendous potential DQM can provide for telemetry systems.

Because of the high availability and reliability requirements of the railway traction systems, online data acquisition and analysis is very crucial. In order to provide uninterrupted passenger operation, data collected from the traction systems should be recorded and transmitted periodically to the maintenance engineer. Data size increases considerably due to the high number of data recorded at high frequency and this leads to a problem of long transmission time and excess uncategorized data. In this paper, we propose a method for optimizing wireless data transfer of railway traction systems by defining conditions such as warnings, errors and events. Using automated real time data analysis, these predefined conditions are checked and if there is a match, only data packets between pre & post trigger times will be transmitted. Thus, data packet is limited and only categorized data is transferred. Also, thanks to the bidirectional data transfer, conditions can be updated at any desired time.

Test missions are gradually migrating telemetry operations to lower and middle C-band as these bands offer access to 600MHz of available Aeronautical Mobile Telemetry (AMT) bandwidth. C-band is also the band of operation for most radar transponders used on the Test Ranges today, raising concerns about potential interference between these systems. This study aims to systematically assess and quantify performance degradation between telemetry and transponder systems when co-located on test platforms. Furthermore, it seeks to develop strategies for mitigating potential interference conditions between telemetry and transponder systems.

In this paper, a method for predicting more accurate and precise received signal strength and quality in tracking telemetry station were presented through analyzing Dynamic Link of KSLV-II. According to the recommended link budget method of telemetry standard document IRIG 119-06, 90% coverage antenna gain were applied to predict the receive signal strength. However, in the case of such this method, The level error is high, the fluctuation of the signal level, and the prediction of different polarized signal levels are impossible. The accuracy of receive signal strength was improved through Dynamic Link Analysis using antenna radiation pattern that change according to launch vehicle posture. By doing these, The received signal strength and quality prediction accuracy were improved comparing to the existing link budget, These results minimized prediction errors compared to the link budget method recommended in telemetry standard IRIG 119-06, and made it possible to predict dominant signals for each received polarized signal, and to predict changes in received signal strength for rapid launch vehicle posture.

Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) problems are a significant issue in airborne telemetry systems, affecting the performance and reliability of signal transmission and auto tracking. This paper explores the application of filters as a viable solution for mitigating RFI problems, as a near term solution. The focus is on understanding the sources and characteristics of RFI and effectively selecting and implementing the appropriate filters to combat interference and the challenges associated with filter implementation.

Reliable communication of telemetry and command data to and from various vehicles, including rockets, missiles, and aircraft, is of critical importance for many systems. This paper presents an antenna system mounted on a cylindrical vehicle that provides a tight control of phase variation in far field within wide field of view. The antenna system overcomes limitations from earlier designs, including need for increasing data demands, spectrum scarcity, and spectrally efficient modulation.

We present a novel integration of Pixhawk autopilot technology with a Jetson Nano for real-time mission control using Computer Vision (CV). The Pixhawk (PX4) autopilot system provides a robust platform for autonomous missions in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), offering precise control and navigation capabilities. The system gains precise and efficient onboard processing capabilities by incorporating the Jetson Nano, a powerful AI computing device, alongside the PX4. Leveraging CV algorithms, the integrated system can autonomously analyze visual data from multiple cameras in real time, allowing for dynamic changes during flight missions. This enables the UAV to respond quickly to obstacles and changing environmental conditions, changing the mission as necessary. We aim to highlight the synergy between the Jetson and the PX4, demonstrating their combined potential to enhance UAV autonomy through intelligent CV-based mechanisms.

In this paper, we describe the development of a real-time integration processing technique for PCM data between asynchronous master and slave Telemetry. In a synchronization parallel processing method of a real-time integration processing technique, the slave encoder receives a DSSP(Dual Sync Start Pulse) as a reference start pulse from master encoder and synchronizes the clock by generating the clock synchronized with master encoder to overcome the limitation of synchronization processing time between asynchronous master and slave Telemetry. The slave encoder transmits processed PCM data according to synchronization clock of slave encoder to master encoder. The master encoder outputs integrated PCM data in real time. After implementing the synchronization parallel processing method, we prove that the designed logic operates normally using signal tap. Also, we verify that data real-time integration processing is possible within one frame cycle through processing time test.