Geothermal energy as a sustainable solution for Peru: perceptions of experts and students to address technological, economic and environmental challenges in Arequipa

Abstract

Geothermal energy presents a viable solution for sustainable energy development in Peru, particularly in Arequipa, which possesses significant geothermal potential due to its volcanic activity. This study focuses on the perceptions of professionals and students in the sustainable field regarding the social, economic, and environmental challenges of implementing geothermal resources in Arequipa. A qualitative methodology was employed, utilizing perception analysis through interviews with experts and students, alongside a case study of the Achumani Geothermal Project and a comprehensive document review. The results reveal that while geothermal energy can diversify Peru's energy matrix and reduce reliance on hydroelectric power, barriers such as high initial costs and insufficient regulatory frameworks impede its development. The discussion highlights the need for targeted policy recommendations and community engagement to overcome these challenges. Ultimately, this research concludes that harnessing geothermal energy is essential for addressing Arequipa's growing energy demands sustainably and improving local living conditions.