PROPRIOCEPTIVE DYSFUNCTION IN YOUNGER AND OLDER ADULTS WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS: A LITERATURE REVIEW OF BALANCE AND MOBILITY IMPAIRMENTS

Abstract

This literature review explores the effects of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) on proprioceptive performance in adults. The review synthesizes findings from four studies, collectively involving 411 participants, including individuals with MS and healthy controls. These studies utilize various tools to assess proprioceptive function, including the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), Computerized Dynamic Posturography (CDP), Sensory Organization Test (SOT), and Joint Position Sense (JPS) tests. These methods target key areas such as lower extremity proprioception, postural sway, and joint position accuracy, which are vital for maintaining balance and preventing falls. The overall effect of MS on proprioception reveals substantial impairments, with joint position sense, kinesthesia, and balance control significantly deteriorating in younger and older adults. The review highlights how proprioceptive loss contributes to decreased mobility, higher fall risk, increased fatigue, and diminished quality of life. Core-based exercises, focusing on core stability and body awareness, show promise as an intervention strategy for improving proprioception, reducing fall risk, and enhancing movement confidence in MS patients. This literature review aims to serve as a valuable resource for clinicians and researchers by providing insights into current knowledge on proprioceptive impairments in MS, guiding future research and rehabilitation practices.