Reconstructing Body Image: A Thematic Analysis From Queer, Trans, and Two-Spirit Perspectives

Abstract

This systematic literature review explores the relationship between body image, sexuality, and gender diversity, centering the experiences of Two-Spirit, Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, and other sexual orientations and gender expressions (2SLGBTQ+). Specifically, the review examines how demographic representation and sociocultural factors, such as race, gender, community norms, and dominant beauty ideals, shape body image experiences within these populations. A structured search was conducted to identify peer-reviewed, full-text English-language articles published between 2019 and 2024. Studies were included if they focused on body image among 2SLGBTQ+ populations, resulting in a final sample of twenty-five eligible articles. These studies were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. Population characteristics varied across studies and included a range of demographic variables such as age, gender expression, sexual orientation, race, ethnicity, and cultural background. Two overarching themes were identified: (1) Cultural and Societal Norms Influencing Body Image and (2) media and the construction of beauty ideals, supported by six sub-themes. The findings highlight critical gaps in body image research, particularly the underrepresentation of 2SLGBTQ+ communities and the inconsistent or inaccurate use of identity-based terminology. This review highlights the need for culturally responsive and intersectional frameworks to inform future body image research and more effectively support the mental and public health of 2SLGBTQ+ individuals.